What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

• A. PE = mv²
• B. PE = mgh
• C. PE = 1/2 mv²
• D. PE = Fd

Answer: (B)

The formula for gravitational potential energy is expressed as PE = mgh. In this equation, PE stands for potential energy, m represents the mass of the object, g stands for the acceleration due to gravity, and h indicates the height of the object above a reference point, typically the ground.

Gravitational potential energy is dependent on the object's position in a gravitational field. As an object is lifted to a higher position, its potential energy increases because it has the potential to do work if it were to fall due to gravity. The equation highlights how potential energy directly relates to both the height of the object and its mass, as well as the gravitational force acting upon it.

This formula is fundamental in physics because it captures the essence of how energy is stored as a result of an object's position in a gravitational field. Understanding this concept is crucial for analyzing systems in mechanics, where energy transformations occur.